Kana zvasvika kune zvigadzirwa zvepamberi, silicone pasina mubvunzo inyaya inopisa. Silicone imhando yepolymer zvinhu zvine silicon, kabhoni, haidrojeni uye okisijeni. Iyo yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune inorganic silicon zvinhu uye inoratidza kuita kwakanakisa muminda yakawanda. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama maitiro, maitiro ekutsvaga uye nzira yekushandisa yesilicone.
Misiyano pakati pesilicone uye inorganic silicon:
Kutanga, pane misiyano iri pachena muchimiro chemakemikari pakati pesilicone uye inorganic silicon. Silicone i polymer zvinhu inoumbwa nesilicon uye kabhoni, hydrogen, okisijeni uye zvimwe zvinhu, nepo inorganic silicon ichinyanya kureva inorganic makomisheni anoumbwa nesilicon uye oksijeni, sesilicon dioxide (SiO2). Iyo kabhoni-yakavakirwa chimiro chesilicone inopa elasticity uye plasticity, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kuchinjika mukushandisa. Nekuda kwehunhu hwemamolecular chimiro chesilicone, ndiko kuti, simba rebhondi reSi-O bond (444J/mol) rakakwirira kudarika reCC bond (339J/mol), zvinhu zvesilicone zvine kupisa kwakanyanya kudarika general organic polymer compounds.
Kuwanikwa kwesilicone:
Kuwanikwa kwesilicone kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20. Mumazuva ekutanga, masayendisiti akabudirira kugadzira silicone nekuunza organic mapoka musilicon makomponi. Kuwanikwa uku kwakavhura nguva nyowani yesilicone zvinhu uye kwakaisa hwaro hwekushandiswa kwayo kwakakura muindasitiri nesainzi. Iyo synthesis uye kuvandudzwa kwesilicone yakafambira mberi zvikuru mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, ichikurudzira kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kwechinhu ichi.
Common silicones:
Silicones ikirasi yepolymer komisheni inowanikwa zvakanyanya muzvisikwa uye yekugadzira synthesis, kusanganisira akasiyana mafomu uye zvimiro. Iyi inotevera mimwe mienzaniso yeakajairika silicones:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS ndeye yakajairwa silicone elastomer, inowanzo wanikwa musilicone rubber. Iyo ine yakanakisa kuchinjika uye yakanyanya kugadzikana tembiricha, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirira zvigadzirwa zverabha, zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, mafuta ekuzora, nezvimwe.
Silicone oiri: Silicone oiri ndeye linear silicone komisheni ine yakaderera pamusoro tension uye yakanaka yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba. Inowanzoshandiswa mumafuta, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda, zvishandiso zvekurapa uye mamwe minda.
Silicone Resin: Silicone resin chinhu chepolymer chinoumbwa nemapoka esilicic acid ane yakanakisa kupisa kupisa uye magetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumachira, zvinonamira, zvemagetsi packaging, nezvimwe.
Silicone Rubber: Silicone rabha irabha-yakafanana nesilicone zvinhu zvine tembiricha yekudzivirira, kuramba mamiriro ekunze, kuvharwa kwemagetsi uye zvimwe zvinhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuisa chisimbiso mhete, tambo yekudzivirira sleeves nemimwe minda.
Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kusiyana kwesilicones. Ivo vanoita basa rakakosha muminda dzakasiyana uye vane huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa kubva kuindasitiri kusvika kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinoratidzawo maitiro akasiyana-siyana esilicones sechinhu chepamusoro-chinoshanda.
Performance Advantages
Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa kabhoni ketani makomisheni, organosiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) ine mamwe akasiyana mabhenefiti ekuita, izvo zvinoita kuti iratidze kuita kwakanakisa mumashandisirwo mazhinji. Aya anotevera mamwe mabhenefiti ekuita kwe organosiloxane pamusoro peakajairwa kabhoni ketani makomisheni:
Yepamusoro tembiricha kuramba: Organosiloxane ine yakanakisa tembiricha yekudzivirira. Chimiro chesilicon-okisijeni zvisungo chinoita kuti organosiloxanes igadzikane pakudziya kwepamusoro uye isiri nyore kuora, iyo inopa zvakanakira kushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo dzekushisa kwepamusoro. Kusiyana neizvi, akawanda akajairwa kabhoni ketani makomisheni anogona kuora kana kurasikirwa nekuita pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Kuderera kwepasi tension: Organosiloxane inoratidza kuderera kwepasi tension, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka yekunyorova uye lubricity. Ichi chivakwa chinogadzira mafuta esilicone (chimiro che organosiloxane) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafuta ekuzora, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda uye michina yekurapa.
Kuchinjika uye elasticity: Iyo mamorekuru chimiro che organosiloxane chinochipa yakanaka kuchinjika uye elasticity, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekugadzirira rabha uye elastic zvinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti silicone rabha iite zvakanaka mukugadzirira kwekuisa chisimbiso mhete, elastic components, nezvimwe.
Kuiswa kwemagetsi: Organosiloxane inoratidza yakanakisa magetsi ekudzivirira zvivakwa, izvo zvinoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mundima yemagetsi. Silicone resin (chimiro che siloxane) inowanzoshandiswa mumagetsi ekutakura zvinhu kuti ipe kuvharwa kwemagetsi uye kudzivirira zvinhu zvemagetsi.
Biocompatibility: Organosiloxane ine kuenderana kwakanyanya nebiological tissues uye saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yekurapa uye biomedical minda. Semuenzaniso, silicone rabha inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirira silicone yezvokurapa yenhengo dzekugadzira, catheter yekurapa, nezvimwe.
Kugadzikana kwekemikari: Organosiloxanes inoratidza kugadzikana kwekemikari yakakura uye kunaka kwekusagadzikana kwemakemikari mazhinji. Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yemakemikari kuti iwedzere, sekugadzirira matangi emakemikari, mapaipi uye kuvhara zvinhu.
Pakazere, organosiloxanes ine akawanda akasiyana zvivakwa pane akajairwa kabhoni ketani makomisheni, ayo anovagonesa kuita basa rakakosha muminda yakawanda senge lubrication, kuisa chisimbiso, zvekurapa uye zvemagetsi.
Kugadzirira nzira ye organosilicon monomers
Yakananga nzira: Synthesize organosilicon zvinhu nekuita zvakananga silicon ine organic komisheni.
Nzira isina kunanga: Gadzirira organosilicon kuburikidza nekuputika, polymerization uye mamwe maitiro esilicon makomisheni.
Hydrolysis polymerization nzira: Gadzirira organosilicon ne hydrolysis polymerization ye silanol kana silane doro.
Gradient copolymerization nzira: Synthesize organosilicon zvinhu zvine chaiwo zvivakwa ne gradient copolymerization. ,
Organosilicon musika maitiro
Kuwedzera kudiwa muminda yepamusoro-soro: Nekukurumidza kukura kwemaindasitiri epamusoro-soro, kudiwa kweorganosilicon ine zvinhu zvakanakisa senge tembiricha yekudzivirira, corrosion resistance uye magetsi ekudzivirira ari kuwedzera.
Kuwedzera kwemusika wemidziyo yekurapa: Iko kushandiswa kwesilicone mukugadzira mudziyo wekurapa kunoramba kuchikura, uye kusanganiswa nebiocompatibility, kunounza mikana mitsva kumunda wemidziyo yekurapa.
Sustainable Development: Kuvandudzwa kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza kunosimudzira kutsvagisa kwegirinhi kugadzirira nzira dzesilicone zvinhu, senge biodegradable silicone, kuti iwane budiriro yakawedzera.
Kuongororwa kweminda mitsva yekushandisa: Minda mitsva yekushandisa iri kuramba ichibuda, senge magetsi anochinjika, optoelectronic zvishandiso, nezvimwewo, kusimudzira hunyanzvi uye kuwedzera kwemusika wesilicone.
Ramangwana budiriro gwara nematambudziko
Tsvagiridzo uye kusimudzira inoshanda silicone:Mukupindura kune zvinodikanwa zvemaindasitiri akasiyana, silicone ichabhadhara zvakanyanya kukudziridzwa kwekushanda mune ramangwana, senge inoshanda silicone coatings, kusanganisira yakakosha zvinhu senge antibacterial uye conductive zvivakwa.
Tsvagiridzo pane biodegradable silicone:Nekuvandudzwa kwekuziva kwezvakatipoteredza, kutsvagisa nezve biodegradable silicone zvinhu inova yakakosha danho rekusimudzira.
Kushandiswa kwe nano silicone: Uchishandisa nanotechnology, tsvagiridzo yekugadzirira uye kushandiswa kwenano silicone kuwedzera kushandiswa kwayo muminda yepamusoro-soro.
Greening yenzira dzekugadzirira: Kune nzira dzekugadzirira dzesilicone, kutarisisa kwakawanda kuchabhadharwa kune yakasvibira uye inoshamwaridzana nharaunda nzira dzehunyanzvi mune ramangwana kudzikisa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-15-2024