Dehwe ndechimwe chezvinhu zvekare-kare munhoroondo yevanhu. Kare kare kare, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa makushe emhuka pakushongedza nekudzivirira. Nekudaro, yekutanga tekinoroji yekugadzira matehwe yaive yakareruka, kungonyudza mvere dzemhuka mumvura uye nekuigadzira. Nekuchinja kwenguva, tekinoroji yekugadzira matehwe yemunhu yakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma uye yakavandudzwa. Kubva pane yekutanga nzira yekugadzira kusvika kune yemazuva ano maindasitiri ekugadzirwa, matehwe anoita basa rinowedzera kukosha muhupenyu hwevanhu.
Kugadzirwa kwematehwe ekutanga
Kugadzirwa kwematehwe kwekutanga kunogona kuteverwa kunguva yekare yeIjipita kutenderera 4000 BC. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vainyika makushe emhuka mumvura vozoagadzira nemafuta chaiwo emuriwo nemvura yemunyu. Iyi nzira yekugadzira ndeyechinyakare uye haigone kuburitsa zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa zvematehwe. Mukuwedzera, basa rakawanda uye nguva inodiwa mukugadzira. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekusimba kwakasimba uye kusimba kwezvinhu zveganda, zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya munzanga yekare kugadzira zvipfeko, shangu, mabhegi nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nekuchinja kwaita nguva, tekinoroji yekugadzira matehwe emunhu yakawedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Makore akapoteredza 1500 BC, maGiriki ekare akatanga kushandisa tekinoroji yekugadzira makushe emhuka kugadzira zvinhu zvedehwe zvakapfava uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Nheyo yetekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji ndeyekushandisa zvinhu zvekupisa kuyambuka-kubatanidza iyo collagen mumvere dzemhuka, ichiita kuti ive yakapfava, isingapinde mvura, isingadziviriri uye zvimwe zvinhu. Iyi nzira yekugadzira yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muMiddle East yekare neEurope uye yakava nzira huru yekugadzira matehwe ekare.
Kugadzirwa kwematehwe chaiwo
Dehwe rechokwadi rinoreva zvinhu zvematehwe zvechisikigo zvakagadzirwa nemvere dzemhuka. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira yematehwe echokwadi yakanyanya kufambira mberi uye yakaoma kupfuura iyo yekutanga kugadzira matehwe. Maitiro makuru ekugadzira matehwe echokwadi anosanganisira: kubvisa mvere dzemhuka, kunyura, kuwacha, kusukwa, kudhaya uye kugadzirisa. Pakati pazvo, kutsvuka uye kudhaya ndiwo matanho akanyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwematehwe chaiwo.
Mukuita kugadzirwa kwematehwe, zvinhu zvinogara zvichishandiswa zvekuvheneka zvinosanganisira zvekuvheneka miriwo, chrome zvekuvheneka zvinhu uye zvekugadzira. Pakati pavo, chrome tanning zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemabhenefiti avo senge kukurumidza kugadzirisa kumhanya, yakagadzikana mhando uye yakanaka maitiro. Zvakadaro, mvura yetsvina netsvina inogadzirwa panguva yekupiswa kwechrome inosvibisa nharaunda, saka inofanirwa kucheneswa nekugadziriswa.
Munguva yekudhaya, dehwe rechokwadi rinogona kudhayiwa nemavara akasiyana sezvinodiwa kuti uwane akasiyana ekushongedza uye ekudzivirira maitiro. Usati wadhayiwa, dehwe rechokwadi rinoda kugadziriswa pamusoro kuitira kuti dhayi ipinde zvizere uye kugadzirisa pamusoro pematehwe. Parizvino, mhando uye hutano hwedhayi huri kuramba huchivandudza, izvo zvinogona kusangana nevanhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa uye zvido zvematehwe.
Kugadzirwa kwePU uye PVC matehwe
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemakemikari, vanhu vakawana zvishoma nezvishoma zvimwe zvitsva zvekugadzira zvinogona kutevedzera kutaridzika uye kunzwa kwedehwe rechokwadi, uye kuve nepurasitiki iri nani, kusapinda kwemvura uye kusimba. Izvi zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira PU (polyurethane) dehwe uye PVC (polyvinyl chloride) yematehwe.
PU dehwe idehwe rakateedzerwa rakagadzirwa nepolyurethane zvinhu, rine hunhu hwekupfava, kusamira kwemvura, kusapfeka uye kuramba kubvarura. Iyo nzira yekugadzira ndeyekupfekedza iyo polyurethane zvinhu pane fiber kana isiri-yakarukwa zvinhu, uye kugadzira iyo yematehwe zvinhu mushure mekarenda, kupenya, kudhaya uye mamwe maitiro. Kuenzaniswa nedehwe rechokwadi, PU yematehwe ine zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kugadzirisa, uye inogona kutevedzera akasiyana mavara uye mameseji maitiro. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvipfeko, shangu, fenicha uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
PVC dehwe imhando yematehwe akafananidzwa akagadzirwa nepolyvinyl chloride zvinhu, ane hunhu hwekusapinda mvura, kusapfeka uye nyore kuchenesa. Iyo nzira yekugadzira ndeyekupfekedza iyo polyvinyl chloride zvinhu pane substrate, uyezve kugadzira iyo yematehwe zvinhu kuburikidza necalendering, engraving, dhayi uye mamwe maitiro. Kana ichienzaniswa nePU yematehwe, PVC yematehwe ine zvakanakira yemutengo wakaderera uye kusimba kwakasimba, uye inogona kutevedzera akasiyana mavara uye mapatani. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwezvigaro zvemotokari, mikwende, mabhegi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Kunyangwe PU nePVC matehwe aine akawanda mabhenefiti, achine zvimwe zvazvakaipira. Semuenzaniso, maitiro avo ekugadzira achabudisa huwandu hwakawanda hwemagasi anokuvadza uye mvura yakasviba, iyo inosvibisa nharaunda. Mukuwedzera, hupenyu hwavo hahuna kureba sehuya hweganda rechokwadi, uye zviri nyore kupera uye kukwegura. Naizvozvo, vanhu vanofanirwa kutarisisa kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa kana vachishandisa izvi zvigadzirwa zvematehwe.
Kugadzirwa kwesilicone dehwe
Pamusoro peganda rechokwadi rematehwe uye rekugadzira, mhando nyowani yematehwe, silicone dehwe, yakabuda mumakore achangopfuura. Silicone dehwe iganda rekugadzira rakagadzirwa nehigh molecular silicone material uye artificial fiber coating, iro rine zvakanakira uremu huremu, kupeta kuramba, kusachembera, kusapinda mvura, anti-kusvibisa uye nyore kuchenesa, uye ganda-ane hushamwari uye akasununguka kunzwa.
Silicone leather ine zvakawanda zvekushandisa uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mukati memotokari, mabhegi, makesi enharembozha uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kana ichienzaniswa nePU nePVC yematehwe, silicone yeganda ine nani hydrolysis kuramba, UV kuramba, munyu pfapfaidzo kuramba uye yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba, uye haisi nyore kuchembera uye kupera. Mukuwedzera, hapana magasi anokuvadza uye mvura yakasviba inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzirwa kweganda resilicone, uye kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza zvakare kushoma.
Mhedziso
Sechinyakare uye chine fashoni zvinhu, dehwe rakapfuura nenzira yakareba yekuvandudza. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwemvere dzemhuka kusvika kumatehwe emazuva ano chaiwo, PU, PVC yematehwe uye silicone yematehwe, mhando uye mhando yematehwe zvakaramba zvichivandudzwa, uye chiyero chekushandisa chave chichiwedzerwa. Ingave iri yedehwe rechokwadi kana ganda rekugadzira, rine zvaro rakasiyana zvakanakira nekuipira, uye vanhu vanofanirwa kusarudza zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana uye mamiriro pavanenge vachishandisa.
Kunyangwe tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekugadzira uye zvinhu zvemakemikari zvakatsiva nzira dzakawanda dzechinyakare dzekugadzira matehwe, dehwe chairo richiri chinhu chakakosha, uye manzwiro ayo akasiyana uye magadzirirwo anoita kuti ive sarudzo yekutanga yezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vakaziva zvishoma nezvishoma kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye vakatanga kuedza kushandisa zvakanyanya zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadziriswe zvinhu kuti zvitsive zvechinyakare zvekugadzira dehwe. Silicone dehwe ndechimwe chezvinhu zvitsva. Iyo haina chete kuita kwakanakisa, asiwo ine kushoma kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Inogona kunzi chinhu chinovimbisa zvikuru.
Muchidimbu, nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye kutarisa kwevanhu kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, dehwe, chinhu chekare uye chine fashoni, chiri kuramba chichishanduka uye chichikura. Kunyangwe iri rechokwadi dehwe, PU, PVC dehwe, kana silicone dehwe, iko kupenya kwehuchenjeri hwevanhu uye kushanda nesimba. Ini ndinotenda kuti mukuvandudza mune ramangwana, zvigadzirwa zvematehwe zvicharamba zvichivandudza uye kuchinja, zvichiunza humwe kunaka uye kurerukira kuhupenyu hwevanhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-15-2024